Detection of early DJ-stent encrustation by sonographic twinkling-artifacts – a pilot study

INTRODUCTION Ureter obstruction caused by a retro-peritoneal tumor is treated by inserting an indwelling ureter splint (DJ-stent). Indwelling duration is limited by cumulative crystalline deposits into the splint, eventually causing the repeated impairment of urine flow. Deciding when a DJ-stent must be replaced is important since belated removal can be accompanied by severe complications. X-ray or conventional sonography do not allow satisfactory evaluation of early incrustation, therefore, the use of sonographic twinkling artifacts (TA) to provide accurate stent surveillance was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS 26 patients with indwelling ureter splints carrying a high risk of developing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), which is often accompanied by early splint incrustation, were investigated utilizing TA the day after DJ-stent implantation and weekly thereafter. Serum creatinine, uric acid, and urine pH were measured at all TA exams. RESULTS Early incrustation of the ureter splint was detected by TA in all patients 1-4 weeks after implantation. Incrustation occurred sooner with increased uric acid levels, and high creatinine or acidic urine accelerated early implant incrustation. CONCLUSIONS TA can be used to monitor early crystalline deposits in implanted ureter splints, before they can be detected by conventional sonography or X-ray imaging and before complications occur.